Differences Between 304 and 316 Stainless Steel
304 Stainless Steel
Type 304 is a grade of Stainless Steel with its chromium-nickel content and low carbon, is the most versatile and widely used of the austenitic stainless steels. Its alloys are all modifications of the 18% chromium, 8% nickel austenitic alloy. SS 304 proves to be resistant to oxidation, corrosion, and durability. All provide ease of fabrication and cleaning, prevention of product contamination offer a variety of finishes and appearances. Type 304 stainless steel are used in corrosion resistant electrical enclosures, auto molding and trim, wheel covers, kitchen equipment, hose clamps, exhaust manifolds, stainless hardware, storage tanks, pressure vessels and piping.
304 Stainless Steel Chemical Composition
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 304 | min. | – | – | – | – | 18.0 | – | 8.0 | – |
| max. | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 20.0 | – | 10.5 | 0.10 |
Stainless Steel 304 Mechanical Properties
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) min |
Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min |
Elongation (% in 50mm) min |
Hardness | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rockwell B (HR B) max |
Brinell (HB) max |
||||||
| 304 | 515 | 205 | 40 | 92 | 201 | ||
Stainless Steel 304 Physical Properties
| Grade | Density (kg/m3) |
Elastic Modulus (GPa) |
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (m/m/0C) |
Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K) |
Specific Heat 0- 1000C (J/kg.K) |
Electrical Resistivity (n.m) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-1000C | 0-3150C | 0-5380C | at 1000C | at 5000C | |||||
| 304 | 8000 | 193 | 17.2 | 17.8 | 18.4 | 16.2 | 21.5 | 500 | 720 |
Stainless Steel 304 Equivalent
Equivalent Grades for 304 Stainless Steel
| Grade | UNS No | Old British | Euronnorm | Swedish SS | Japanese JIS | GOST | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BS | En | No | Name | |||||
| SS 304 | S30400 | 304S31 | 58E | 1.4301 | X5CrNi18-10 | 2332 | SUS 304 | 08X18H10 |
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316 Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel 316 Composition
316 Stainless Steel Chemical Composition
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 316 | min. | – | – | – | – | 16.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 10.0 | – |
| 0.035 max | 2.0 max | 0.75 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 18.0 max | – | 14.0 max | – |
Stainless Steel 316 Mechanical Properties
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) min | Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min | Elongation (% in 50mm) min | Hardness | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rockwell B (HR B) max | Brinell (HB) max | ||||
| 316 | 515 | 205 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
Stainless Steel 316 Physical Properties
| Grade | Density (kg/m3) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (m/m/0C) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K) | Specific Heat 0-1000C (J/kg.K) | Electrical Resistivity (n.m) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-1000C | 0-3150C | 0-5380C | at 1000C | at 5000C | |||||
| 316 | 7750 | 200 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 17.0 | 14.2 | 18.7 | 500 | 720 |
Stainless Steel 316 Equivalent
Equivalent Grades for 316 Stainless Steel
| STANDARD | WERKSTOFF NR. | UNS | JIS | BS | GOST | AFNOR | EN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS 316 | 1.4401 / 1.4436 | S31600 | SUS 316 | 316S31 / 316S33 | – | Z7CND17-11-02 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 / X3CrNiMo17-13-3 |
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STAINLESS STEEL 304 AND 316 COMPARISON
| 304 | 304L | 316 | 316L | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength | Similar with 316 | Slightly lower than 304 due to decreased amount of carbon | Similar to 304 | Slightly lower than 316 due to decreased amount of carbon |
| Corrosion Resistance | Good corrosion resistance to chemical and atmospheric exposures, with a high resistance to oxidation | Similar to 304 but better resistance to intergranular corrosion caused by the high heat of welding | Better corrosion resistance to stronger acids and solutions, particularly chloride solutions or saline environments | Similar to 316 but better resistance to intergranular corrosion caused by the high heat of welding |
| Weldability | Excellent, but likely to develop weld decay | Excellent; least likely to develop weld decay | Excellent, but likely to develop weld decay | Excellent; least likely to develop weld decay |
| Applications | General Stainless Steel applications | General Stainless Steel applications that require much welding | Marine applications; environments with high levels of chloride | Marine applications, environments with high levels of chloride that require much welding |
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